Objective To explore the risk factors and safety infusion protocol of peripheral vasoactive medication. Methods 5 guideline websites and 7 databases were searched from their inception until March 7,2021. We qualitatively described the characteristics of complications,risk factors, and safety infusion protocols of peripheral vasoactive medication. Results A total of 14 articles were incorporated,including 2 guidelines,4 systematic reviews,and 8 original articles. It shows that the safety of peripheral vasoactive medication is affected by drug,patient,and infusion protocol. A guideline and 8 original articles provide the safety infusion protocol,including infusion site,infusion technique,infusion duration,frequency of observation,and management of complications. Conclusion Short-term use of peripheral vasoactive medication is safe and feasible under the whole-process risk assessment and protective strategy.

Objective To investigate the effects of nasogastric tube（NGT） indwelling on postoperative pulmonary complications（PPCs） and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular surgery,in order to reduce PPCs and improve the patients’ prognoses. Methods Retrospective data of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan from July 2018 to November 2019 was conducted. The baseline data of patients in 2 groups were matched using a propensity score analysis. Results 316 patients were successfully matched,with 158 patients in the nasogastric tube indwelling group and 158 patients in the non-indwelling group. Compared with the patients in the NGT group without indwelling,the incidence of pulmonary infection,atelectasis,pneumothorax and respiratory failure was higher in the NGT group;the length of stay in the hospital and the length of stay in ICU were longer;the outcome was poor,with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion NGT indwelling is associated with the occurrence of pulmonary complications in patients with cardiovascular surgery,and it might prolong the length of stay and affect patient’s outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of oral droplet colostrum during early mechanical ventilation in premature infants with extremely low birth weight. Methods 130 cases of extremely low birth weight infants with invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation were selected and randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group with 65 cases in each group. In the experimental group, oropharyngeal colostrum started within 24 hours after birth for 5d. Colostrum in control group was only usedfor gastrointestinal nutrition. Airway secretions and urine samples of 2 groups were collected on the 1st and 6th day after birth,and sIgA and lactoferrin concentrations were detected. The incidence of complications was observed in both groups. Mechanical ventilation time and hospital stay of 2 groups were recorded. Results On the 6th day after birth, the concentrations of sIgA and lactoferrin in airway secretions and urine samples in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The incidences of sepsis, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and ventilator-associated pneumonia were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The duration of mechanical ventilation and average length of hospital stay in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Early oral droplet colostrum can improve the immune function of infants with extremely low birth weight, reduce the incidence of recent complications, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, and reduce medical costs. Therefore, more supporting strategies should be provided to start oral droplet colostrum as early as possible.